HOW TO UNDERSTAND ENGLISH GRAMMAR.
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| HOW TO UNDERSTAND ENGLISH GRAMMAR |
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It is our second class:
2 - KINDS OF SENTENCES
Different types of sentences
We know that -
A telling sentence makes a statement. It ends with a full stop.
Delhi is the capital of India.
Taj Mahal is a protected monument.
An asking sentence or question sentence asks a question. It ends with a question mark (?) instead of a full stop.
What is your name?
An exclamatory sentence shows strong feelings. An exclamatory sentence ends with an exclamation mark (!)
What a beautiful dress !
When we speak or write we use different kinds of sentences.
There are four kinds of sentences.
The dog looked at the piece of cheese.
The dog did not like it.
An assertive sentence can be affirmative (positive) and negative. First sentence above is an affirmative statement.
Second sentence is a negative statement. A negative sentence contains the word not or no.
(i) If the verb in a sentence consists of two words i.e. a helping verb and a main verb. We place the word not immediately after the helping verb.
We put a full stop at the end of an assertive sentence.
Do you like stories?
What kind of stories do you like?
An interrogative sentence asks a question. First sentence above can be answered in 'yes' or 'no'. Such a question begins with an auxiliary verb. Do is an auxiliary verb.
In an interrogative sentence, the auxiliary verb is placed before the subject. For example:
Have they gone away ?
Second sentence begins with a question word (what). Since most of the question words what, when where, who, whose, whom, why begin with 'wh', such questions are often referred to as 'wh' questions. Some statement has to be made in reply to such questions.
(iii) If there is no other helping verb in the sentence, then the helping verb do is used before the subject in the interrogative sentences.
We put a mark of interrogation (?) at the end of an interrogative sentence.
An imperative sentence expresses a command (or order), a request, or an advice. For example:
Keep off the grass. (command)
Pass me the sugar, please. (request)
Do your homework regularly. (advice)
An imperative sentence also needs a full stop at the end.
An exclamatory sentence expresses some strong feeling of happiness, surprise, sadness etc.
How beautiful the rose is !
What a nuisance it is !
Hurrah ! we won the match.
We put a mark of exclamation (!) at the end of an exclamatory sentence.
Next class - 3 > NOUN
We know that -
A telling sentence makes a statement. It ends with a full stop.
Delhi is the capital of India.
Taj Mahal is a protected monument.
An asking sentence or question sentence asks a question. It ends with a question mark (?) instead of a full stop.
What is your name?
An exclamatory sentence shows strong feelings. An exclamatory sentence ends with an exclamation mark (!)
What a beautiful dress !
KINDS OF SENTENCES
When we speak or write we use different kinds of sentences.
There are four kinds of sentences.
1. ASSERTIVE SENTENCES
The dog looked at the piece of cheese.
The dog did not like it.
An assertive sentence can be affirmative (positive) and negative. First sentence above is an affirmative statement.
Second sentence is a negative statement. A negative sentence contains the word not or no.
RULES FOR MAKING NEGATIVE SENTENCES
(i) If the verb in a sentence consists of two words i.e. a helping verb and a main verb. We place the word not immediately after the helping verb.
Positive sentence
He is going.
(helping verb) (main verb)
Negative sentence
He is not going.
(not is placed between helping verb and main verb)
(ii) If the verb in a sentence consists of a helping verb such as can, may and a main verb, the word not is placed immediately after the helping verb.
Positive sentence
John may come today.
(helping verb) (main verb)
Negative sentence
John may not come today.
(not is placed between helping verb and main verb)
Positive sentence
You can eat ice-cream.
(helping verb) (main verb)
Negative sentence
You cannot eat ice-cream.
(iii) If there is no other helping verb in the sentence, then the helping verb do or did is used along with not in a negative sentence.
Positive sentence
I understand English.
(no helping verb)
Negative sentence
I do not understand English.
I don't understand English.
Positive sentence
Close the door.
(no helping verb)
Negative sentence
Do not close the door.
Don't close the door.
2. INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES (QUESTIONS)
Do you like stories?
What kind of stories do you like?
An interrogative sentence asks a question. First sentence above can be answered in 'yes' or 'no'. Such a question begins with an auxiliary verb. Do is an auxiliary verb.
In an interrogative sentence, the auxiliary verb is placed before the subject. For example:
Have they gone away ?
Second sentence begins with a question word (what). Since most of the question words what, when where, who, whose, whom, why begin with 'wh', such questions are often referred to as 'wh' questions. Some statement has to be made in reply to such questions.
RULES FOR MAKING INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
(i) In interrogative sentences, the helping verb comes before the subject. The main verb comes after the subject.
Statement Interrogative sentence
John can swim. Can John swim?
(ii) When is, am, are, was, were, has, have or can are ordinary verbs and not helping verbs, they come before the subject in the interrogative sentences.
Statement Interrogative sentence
She is sick. Is she sick?
I am right. Am I right?
(iii) If there is no other helping verb in the sentence, then the helping verb do is used before the subject in the interrogative sentences.
Statement Interrogative sentence
I run. Do I run?
He dances. Does he dances?
We put a mark of interrogation (?) at the end of an interrogative sentence.
3. IMPERATIVE SENTENCES (COMMANDS)
An imperative sentence expresses a command (or order), a request, or an advice. For example:
Keep off the grass. (command)
Pass me the sugar, please. (request)
Do your homework regularly. (advice)
An imperative sentence also needs a full stop at the end.
4. EXCLAMATORY SENTENCES (EXCLAMATIONS)
An exclamatory sentence expresses some strong feeling of happiness, surprise, sadness etc.
How beautiful the rose is !
What a nuisance it is !
Hurrah ! we won the match.
We put a mark of exclamation (!) at the end of an exclamatory sentence.
Let's do your Practice and go to :-
Next class - 3 > NOUN
Previous class - 1 > THE SENTENCES AND ITS PARTS
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